Electric Vehicles in Nigeria: Are We Ready for the Shift?

In 2025, there is considerable optimism and numerous hopes pinned on advancements like those surrounding electric vehicles (EVs). Undeniably, the future of transport leans toward electrification, offering Africa an unprecedented chance to lead this transformation. Nonetheless, transitioning effectively to EVs necessitates tackling substantial hurdles such as building necessary infrastructures, enhancing affordability, ensuring reliable power supply, and educating the populace. Despite these known obstacles—such as the continued prevalence of gasoline- and diesel-fueled cars—it’s clear global progress continues toward cleaner, renewable energy sources, particularly through the adoption of EVs. Developed nations are witnessing swift changes driven by their increasing acceptance of EV technology. Yet, it remains perplexing how Nigeria appears indifferent to these worldwide shifts, continuing day-to-day activities seemingly oblivious to evolving trends internationally.

It is widely recognized that achieving net zero emissions by 2050 is essential for all sectors including businesses, supply chains, and particularly transportation. This has become a major priority worldwide, evidenced by an expanding presence of renewable energy sources globally. However, Africa appears to be moving in a different direction based on observations. According to recent data and a survey conducted by the author in 2024 within the Republic of Ireland—a nation with fewer than six million inhabitants—four out of every five households now use fully electric vehicles. The shift towards electrification promises enhanced energy security, zero emission outcomes, lower energy costs, and sustainability without significant economic hurdles. Given these trends, could Nigeria achieve similar goals soon? Transitioning to net-zero emissions remains challenging in Africa owing to issues such as inconsistent access to stable electrical supplies, dependence on conventional fuel types, and outdated infrastructures.

Across Nigeria and many African nations, the transportation industry stands as a major contributor to worldwide carbon emissions, primarily due to conventional gas-fueled and diesel-powered cars which significantly pollute the air and harm the environment. To address these issues, the emergence of electric vehicles (EVs) might signal an important transition toward greener mobility solutions; however, their uptake remains nascent throughout our region. Amidst growing global challenges related to climate shifts and diminishing oil reserves, EVs present a hopeful answer aimed at curbing contamination, boosting fuel efficacy, and fostering ecological balance. Consequently, this article highlights crucial advantages alongside advocating for investigations into regulatory frameworks essential for unlocking the future prospects of electric vehicles within Nigeria and across the broader scope of Africa.

Observations indicate that one of the most significant advantages of widespread adoption of electric vehicles lies in their environmental impact. In contrast to conventional cars with internal combustion engines, EVs derive power from batteries storing electricity, thereby producing no direct tailpipe emissions. This reduction can notably decrease air pollution, especially in densely populated cities such as Lagos, Port Harcourt, and Abuja, where heavy traffic and low air quality pose substantial issues. Transitioning from petrol-based fuels to electrical energy through EVs helps diminish the release of harmful substances including carbon dioxide (CO2), nitrogen oxides (NOx), and fine particles—emissions known for contributing to both health problems and severe climatic shifts. CO2 stands out as a primary factor driving global warming; this greenhouse gas retains heat within the Earth’s atmosphere, leading to progressive planetary heating and extreme weather events along with ecological disturbances.

To decrease CO2 emissions from internal combustion engines—which operate through fuel combustion and produce excessive heat along with loud noises—electric vehicles (EVs) are preferable. These vehicles boast higher efficiency compared to traditional gas-fueled counterparts. Additionally, EV maintenance requirements and repair needs are minimal due to their simpler mechanical design. Although the upfront expense might be greater, these vehicles become economically advantageous over time as operating expenses remain relatively low. Interestingly, EVs contain fewer components overall; hence, tasks like routine oil changes, filter replacements, and coolant services are unnecessary. Moreover, regenerative braking systems commonly found in EVs extend brake life significantly. Charging via electricity usually incurs lesser costs when contrasted against standard fuels such as petrol or diesel, thus minimizing total ownership expenditures throughout the vehicle’s lifespan.

Given all the factors mentioned above, the outlook for electric vehicles appears positive. Technological improvements in battery storage—such as solid-state batteries and quicker charging methods—are anticipated to boost overall EV performance, making them more affordable and convenient. With increasing worldwide demand for cleaner energy solutions, the author hopes that African nations like Nigeria will increase their initiatives to promote electric vehicle usage. Although compressed natural gas (CNG) has gained significant traction recently due to lower costs compared to traditional fuels in countries such as Nigeria, they represent only an interim solution; ultimately, the international benchmark and forward-looking approach remains firmly rooted in electrification.

A number of nations have implemented tougher emission standards and provided economic benefits like tax breaks, refunds, and grants to facilitate wider consumer access to electric vehicles (EVs). Nigeria mustn’t remain exempt from these measures—our administration could introduce comparable strategies too. Furthermore, various administrations aim to eliminate the sale of new petrol and diesel cars over the coming decades in favor of zero-emission alternatives. This shift presents an opportunity for Africa to advocate for and adopt such practices. Moreover, fostering business growth and directing capital towards developing crucial sectors can significantly aid progress. For instance, investing in residential charging facilities, expanding public charging networks, establishing numerous charging stations across regions, and urging automotive makers and corporate entities to establish assembly operations within African states would prove beneficial. Committing resources toward individual household charging systems ensures simpler nighttime power-ups for vehicle owners. By pursuing these avenues along with comprehensive infrastructural enhancements, we can mitigate concerns about driving ranges and position electric automobiles as practical choices for routine use among common citizens throughout Africa.

Despite hurdles like charging infrastructure, expensive batteries, and limited ranges still persisting, continuous technological progress coupled with favorable policies and increasing public interest are propelling us towards a greener, more sustainable transport network. This shift could similarly occur in Africa. With electric cars becoming cheaper and easier to access, they hold the potential to greatly decrease dependence on petroleum products, enhance air quality, and secure a more environmentally friendly tomorrow for future populations.

Dr. Olubiyi, who specializes in entrepreneurship and business management, can be reached at drtimiolubiyi@gmail.com

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